Passive Voice Voice หมายถึงวิธีพูด
Active Voice หมายถึงรูปกริยาซึ่งประธานเป็นผู้กระทำหรือแสดงกริยานั้นโดยตรง เช่น The dog bit the boy. สุนัขกัดเด็กชาย ( สุนัขเป็นประธานผู้กระทำโดยตรง และเด็กชายเป็นกรรม)Dara will present her research at the conference.Susan is cooking dinner.They are going to build a new house soon.
Passive Voice หมายถึงรูปกริยาซึ่งประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำกริยานั้นโดยผู้อื่น
หลักการใช้ Passive Voice มีดังนี้
ให้ความสำคัญกับกรรม ( object ) ของประโยคหรือสิ่งที่ถูกกระทำมากกว่าประธาน หรือไม่สนใจว่าใครทำแต่สนใจผลที่เกิดขึ้น เช่นYour bicycle has been damaged. รถจักรยานของคุณถูกทำเสียหาย( ประโยคนี้ไม่สนใจว่าใครเป็นคนทำ สนใจแต่เพียงว่ามีการเสียหายเกิดขึ้น เช่นเดียวกับประโยคต่อไป)Rules are made to be broken. ( by ? )Police are being notified ( by? ) that three prisoners have escaped.Everything will have been done by Tuesday.ไม่จำเป็นต้องเอ่ยถึงผู้กระทำ เนื่องจากรู้กันอยู่แล้วThe thieves were all arrested . ( เป็นทั่รู้กันอยู่ว่าผู้จับน่าจะเป็นตำรวจ )English is spoken here. ( ผู้ที่พูดคือคนโดยทั่วไป ) เมื่อไม่ทราบว่าใครเป็นผู้กระทำPrinting was invented in China. ( ผู้คิดค้นเป็นใครไม่ทราบ )การทำ Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice
I. ประโยคที่มีกรรมตัวเดียว ( Direct Object )
เอากรรมของประโยคขึ้นมาเป็นประธานใช้ verb to be ให้ถูกต้องตามประธานกริยาแท้ในประโยคให้เปลี่ยนเป็นช่อง 3 ( past participle )เอาประธานของประโยค Active ไปเป็นกรรมหลัง by
เช่น
The boy was bitten by the dog. ( เอากรรมคือเด็กชายขึ้นมาเป็นประธาน )Research will be presented by Dara at the conference.Dinner is being cooked by Susan. A new house is going to be built . ( by them )
หมายเหตุ ผู้กระทำในประโยค Passive ที่เป็น phrase " by the......" อาจจะละไว้ก็ได้
สรุปการใช้ประโยค Passive Voice ของ Tenses ต่างๆ
Tenses ประธาน กริยาช่วย PastParticiple เอกพจน์ พหูพจน์ Present The car/cars is are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.
วันพุธที่ 21 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2552
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 15 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2552
Active & Passive
Active Passive
Simple Present
Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past
Sam repaired the car.
The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect
Many tourists have visited that castle.
That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous
Recently, John has been doing the work.
Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris .
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris .
Simple Future
will
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future
be going to
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous
will
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuousbe
going to
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
Future Perfect
will
They will have completed the project before the deadline.
The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect
be going to
They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.
The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous
will
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to
Jerry used to pay the bills.
The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always
My mother would always make the pies.
The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past
Would
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past
Was Going to
I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.
Simple Present
Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past
Sam repaired the car.
The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect
Many tourists have visited that castle.
That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous
Recently, John has been doing the work.
Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris .
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris .
Simple Future
will
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future
be going to
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous
will
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuousbe
going to
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
Future Perfect
will
They will have completed the project before the deadline.
The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect
be going to
They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.
The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous
will
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to
Jerry used to pay the bills.
The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always
My mother would always make the pies.
The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past
Would
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past
Was Going to
I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.
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